The WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD) consists of an independent group of experts in the field of drugs and medicines. News UN drug agency votes to remove cannabis from list of most dangerous drugs. CH-1211 Geneva 27 Drug users have high rates of HIV infection, mainly due to unsafe injecting behaviour. This review was conducted using the Cochrane Collboration standards for preparing systematic reviews. The WHO Drug Dictionary is the "original" dictionary and the only one available prior to June 2005. The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system. The aim of the Scientific Consultation on Prevention of Drug Use and Treatment of Drug Use Disorders was to promote the scientific understanding of evidence-based interventions, to support the Member States in the development of policies, strategies and methods based on rigorous scientific evidence to prevent and treat such disorders. In many settings, the epidemic of drug use has become intertwined with the HIV and the TB epidemics. The Committee is convened by WHO about once a year to review the public health impact of psychoactive substances and make recommendations to the international community. These guidelines are intended for professionals dealing with the drug users who have the most problematic patterns of use and who have the greatest risk of HIV and TB, especially those who inject drugs. World Health Organization Prequalification . Long before the coronavirus jumped from an animal to a human to start the global pandemic, western Pennsylvania was already grappling with another health crisis — the drug epidemic. Strategies and policies are urgently needed to address this gap as a first step towards improving the safety, health and well-being of women who inject drugs. Information about Drug Side Effects. This series of systematic reviews (conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration standards) will critically assess the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for treating cocaine dependence. The WHO study has already played a vital role in informing national policies and placing drug injecting, HIV and related health and policy issues on the international agenda. The WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines has been updated every two years since 1977. [Revised version is coming soon.]. The UNGASS Outcome Document1 of 2016, as well as the CND Resolution 59/42 of 2016 on the Development and dissemination of international standards for the treatment of drug use disorders reiterated the importance of disseminating the International Standards for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders to promote a balanced and health-centered approach to drug use disorders. Based on a review of scientific evidence and oriented towards policymakers, the WHO/UNODC/UNAIDS position paper covers a wide range of issues, from the rationale for this treatment modality, to the specific considerations regarding its provision for people with HIV/AIDS. This was a comparative study of drug injecting behaviour and HIV infection which involved 12 cities: Athens, Bangkok, Berlin, Glasgow, London, Madrid, New York, Rome, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Sydney and Toronto. Following the resolution, a Discussion paper titled: Opioid overdose: preventing and reducing opioid overdose mortality is being launched by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the World Health Organization to promote and enhance the Member States responses to the increasing problem of opioid overdose deaths. Based on systematic reviews of the literature and using the GRADE approach to determining evidence quality, the guidelines contain specific recommendations on the range of issues faced in organizing treatment systems, managing treatment programmes and in treating people dependent on opioids. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative research techniques, such assessments are typically undertaken in situations where data are needed quickly, where local resource constraints rule out more conventional research approaches, and where agencies require information to develop, monitor and evaluate intervention programmes. The document was additionally enriched by existing WHO recommendations on the use of various interventions and policies to prevent substance use, but also other risky behaviours (e.g. IMS Health has a network of regional offices where the data are collected via a wide variety of published sources and by direct contact with product manufacturers. There are blue states and there are red states. Advanced age, early need for ventilation. The publication contains key informant reports from Australia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, The Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Desensitization to resiniferatoxin is tested in clinical trials to treat neuropathic pain. This research employed (i) an analysis of published and unpublished literature on rapid assessments conducted in the drug use field; (ii) an audit survey of individuals and organisations conducting or sponsoring rapid assessments on drug use; and (iii) in-depth interviews with rapid assessment practitioners. In that resolution, the Commission requested the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), to collect and circulate available best practices on the prevention and treatment of and emergency response to drug overdose, in particular opioid overdose, including on the use and availability of opioid receptor antagonists such as naloxone and other measures based on scientific evidence. Since then, the Member States of the United Nations have made a series of wide-ranging commitments in the Sustainable Development Goals to strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse. First introduced in the early 1990s, the last three years have seen the approach attract increasing interest as a means of quickly profiling drug-related problems, mobilising HIV prevention efforts among injecting drug users, initiating policy change and service re-orientation, and, more recently, as a potential component of ‘second generation’ surveillance systems. In 2009, UNODC and WHO were called upon by the international community to develop standards for drug use disorders in the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem, adopted at the high-level segment of the 52nd Commission on Narcotic Drugs. The book is based on an important study initiated by WHO in 1989, launched against a background of the rapid spread of HIV infection in a number of major cities. Evidence from 20 years of research shows that needle and syringe programmes (NSPs) prevent, control and ultimately reduce prevalence of HIV and other blood-borne infections among injecting drug users. Coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-2019), Coronavirus disease outbreak (COVID-19) », International Standards for Drug Use Prevention – Second Edition, Treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in contact with the criminal justice system: alternatives to conviction or punishment, HIV and young people who inject drugs: technical brief, Book of abstracts: Scientific Consultation on Prevention of Drug Use and Treatment of Drug Use Disorders, 2015, Women who inject drugs and HIV: addressing specific needs: policy brief, 2014, WHO, UNODC, UNAIDS technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users – 2012 revision, Policy guidelines for collaborative TB and HIV services for injecting and other drug users: an integrated approach, Guide to starting and managing needle and syringe programmes, Policy and programming guide for HIV/AIDS prevention and care among injecting drug users, Antiretroviral therapy and injecting drug users, Training guide for HIV prevention outreach to injecting drug users. The primary focus of this review is 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The brain regulates your body's basic functions, enables you to interpret and respond to everything you experience, and shapes your behavior. Latest lists of proposed and recommended International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN) are also included. WHO drug information provides an overview of topics of current relevance relating to drug development and regulation. The publication was invited by resolution 58/5 of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs entitled “Supporting the collaboration of public health and justice authorities in pursuing alternative measures to conviction or punishment for appropriate drug related offences of a minor nature”. An estimated 69 000 people die each year from opioid overdose. Nach dem Tod von Keith Moon (1978) und John Entwistle (2002) sind heute lediglich der Gitarrist Pete Townshend und der Sänger Roger Daltrey aus der Gründungsbesetzung übrig. All four drugs were already in use for other indications and had been repurposed as potential treatments for the novel coronavirus. Die Band ist bis heute musikalisch aktiv und tourt regelmäßig. This is a report of the WHO Drug Injecting Study: Phase I launched in 1989. Drug users also have increased rates of TB infection, whether living with HIV or not. Consumption of drugs can be via inhalation, injection, smoking, ingestion, absorption via a patch on the skin, suppository, or dissolution under the tongue. In April 2016, the Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on the world drug problem heralded a new era for addressing drug use and drug use disorders through a balanced and healthcentred system approach. A side effect is usually regarded as an undesirable secondary effect which occurs in addition to the desired therapeutic effect of a drug or medication. While reasonable progress is being made on drug-driving research, legislation and enforcement, the document identifies priorities and options for further action, including determining the prevalence of drivers’ drug use and drug-impaired driving as well as the number of drug-impaired road traffic injuries and deaths, developing and establishing thresholds for drug-driving laws and regulations, and integrating drug-driving policies with drug policy frameworks oriented to public health. The publication is intended to serve as an introductory reference, outlining the options available to States that are in line with the international drug control conventions and other relevant international instruments. When drugs and alcohol are a staple of your day-to-day functions, like having a glass of orange juice, operating a moving vehicle, or getting up on a stage in front of thousands of screaming fans, you wouldn’t necessarily think about the repercussions of said intake. This report provides a review and summary of current knowledge about cannabis use and health effects, and is likely to be relevant for policy makers, public health officials, educators and other individuals concerned with health promotion. BACKGROUND WHO expert groups recommended mortality trials in hospitalized COVID-19 of four re-purposed antiviral drugs. Posted on November 4, 2020, at 11:17 a.m. This book is a definitive account of drug injecting behaviour and HIV infection in cities across the world. MonsterTruck Jones @drakonastyy. This document is the second part of a report prepared with the objective of disseminating current knowledge about the use of volatile solvents around the world. This study was the largest international project of its kind. The War on Drugs is a campaign of prohibition and foreign military aid and military intervention undertaken by the United States government, with the assistance of participating countries, and the stated aim to define and reduce the illegal drug trade. There are also dangerous effects and risks associated with a way a drug is used. It uses data gathered from the collaborating sites. The report begins with an overview of international trends in the nature and extent of the illicit use of opioids. This book will extend the findings of the study, stressing the importance of linking research to intervention and policy. The document was published as a draft for field-testing during the 2016 Commission on Narcotic Drugs. Information is available for both consumers and healthcare professionals on over 24,000 prescription and over the counter medicines available primarily in the USA. It includes discussions on the history and context of volatile solvent use, prevalence, health effects, prevention approaches, risk factors and targeted interventions, approaches to treatment and, monitoring and evaluation of interventions. Cocaine dependence is a common and serious condition, associated with severe medical, psychological and social problems, including the spread of infectious diseases. Based on reports provided by professionals involved in the treatment of opioid dependence in these regions, this document describes the current situation with opioid use in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States, the role of pharmacological treatment of opioid dependence in public health responses to opioid dependence and associated health consequences in the region, as well as priorities and recommendations for development of treatment services and responses. While naloxone administered by bystanders is a potentially life-saving emergency interim response to opioid overdose, it should not be seen as a replacement for comprehensive medical care. The drug is one of several experimental COVID-19 drugs known as monoclonal antibodies, which are synthetic copies of human antibodies formed by patients in the early stages of the illness. Health Systems & Services (HSS) Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies (EMP) Drawing on the growing knowledge in this area over recent decades, the document describes the impact of drug use on road safety and suggests what can be done to reduce drug-related crashes, injuries and deaths on the roads. Apart from the wealth of data collected in each of the participating cities, the study has contributed much to the development of research methods, informing national policies, establishing international collaborative networks and placing drug injecting, HIV and related health and policy issues on the international agenda. Opioid overdose is easily reversed with the opioid antidote naloxone and with basic life support. We still tend to glamorize drug use to a certain extent when it pertains to the music industry. Tanya Chen BuzzFeed News Reporter. These programmes are now operating in more than 60 countries in all regions of the world; yet it is estimated that less than 2% of injecting drug users are able to access sterile needles and syringes through NSPs. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.It was established on 7 April 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group.Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations. The focus of the publication is on practical information for policy makers and justice, health and other practitioners to identify the scope of the problem in their community, resources that can be used to address it, gaps that need to be filled and practical approaches for moving forward. WHO drug information provides an overview of topics of current relevance relating to drug development and regulation. The 2019 Expert Committee on … This report aims to address this under-developed knowledge base by addressing three key questions: To achieve this, this report draws upon the findings of research conducted as part of the WHO Drug Injection Study Phase II. This report proposes that ‘rapid assessment’ methods have the potential to generate important public health information that can be used to develop intervention programmes. Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Government of Sweden provided financial support for the publication of this policy brief. A drug is any substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. The ease of synthesis from inexpensive and readily available chemicals makes possible the wide-spread of amphetamine dependence and abuse. WHO Drug Information. Anytime you take more than one medication, or even mix it with certain foods, beverages, or over-the-counter medicines, you are at risk of a drug interaction. Avoid these practices. This report provides an overview of current views about the problem of the use of volatile substances to achieve intoxication in a variety of settings. The document concludes with priorities for action to better define and record overdose and other drug-related deaths and to reduce the toll of overdose deaths due to the illicit use of opioid drugs. The WHO Drug Dictionary Enhanced is a result of a collaboration between the UMC and IMS Health. This document was prepared by UNODC and WHO to support Member States in developing and expanding effective, evidence-based and ethical treatment for drug use disorders.